Telautograph



(No Model.) s sheets-sheet 1.

E. GRAY.

TELAUTOGRAPH.

No. 461,474. Patented Oct. 20, 1891.

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

E GRAY` TELAUTOGRAPH.

Patented Oct. 20, 1891.

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

E. GRAY. TBLAUTOGRAPH.

No. 461,474. Patented Oct. 20, 1891.

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.UNITED STATES PATENT Tricia.

ELISHA GRAY, OF HIGHLAND PARK, ILLINOIS.

TELAUTOCFRAPH.

SPECIFICATION forming' part of Letters Patent NO. 461,474, dated October 20, 189.1.

Application filed September 22, 18,90. Serial No. 365,705. (No model.)

and represented in the following specification and the accompanying drawings, forming a part of the same.

My invention relates to a writing-telautograph of that class iiiwvliich the act of writ- V,ing the message at the sending-station operates to reproduce it at the receiving-station, and is in the main an improvement upon the apparatus and organization described in an application tiled by me on or about the 17th day of September, 1889, and serially numbered 324,232.

I have found that while instruments made in accordance with said application may be successfully used, a diiiicultyis likely to arise because of the fact that the trailerin moving over the sunfiower-segments at a rapid rate causes a wear of the surface of the segments,

which interferes with the accurate operation of the instrument and also is liable to attach to itself a collectionof dust and metal wearings, which may cause variations in thelength of the pulsations, and possibly false movements 0f the receiving-instrument. Furthermore the accumulations of dust upon the sunflower-surface are liable to prevent perfect contact.

My present invention has for one of its objects the overcoming of these difficulties; and to this end I propose to use a supply of Huid under, pressure and to apply the pressure of this fluid, controlled by the movement of the transmitting-pen, to the operation of the circuit-interrupter,whic`h lattersha-ll be so placed with reference to the parts in connection with which it operates that the difficulties referred to may be obviated. Thus I may, as herein illustrated, cause the transmitting-pen to give movement to a perforated plate or disk, which shall release at successiveintervals the fluidpressure, the impulses thus obtained being applied to give. vibratory movement toa circuit making andbreaking lever moving' bet een two stops. This form of interrupter is not liable to any of the objections due to the wear or accumulation of dust above inentioned, and as the positive movement which is given to it causes it to strike its stops with considerable force the accumulation of dirt is Aprevented and certainty of contact secured.

My invention further relates to the receiving-instrument, and has for its object to obtain increased simplicity of parts and certainty of action. To these ends, also, I provide a Huid-pressure mechanism for producing the tension under the iniiuence of which, according to its direction, and which is'reversed in correspondence with reversals in direction of motion of the transmitting-pen, the receiving-penis driven.

Myvpresent invention further consists in certain arrangements and combinations hereinafter fully'described andshown, and specified in the claims.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of a portion of my air-transmitting device. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the same, certain parts having been removed. Fig. 3 is a sectional View on the line 3 3 of Fig. 1, show` ingV the circuit connections. Figs. 4 and 5 are detached views of the diaphragm-blocks. Fig. 6 is a sectional view on the line 6 6 of Fig. 2 on an enlarged scale. Fig. 7 is a diagram showing theconnections of the reversing-circuit. Figs. 8, 0, and 10 represent inodiiications. Fig. .ll is a side elevation, and Fig. 12 a'plau view, of a part of an instrument embodying my improvement and receiving apparatus. Fig. 13 is a sectional view on the line'l 13 of Fig. 11. of the reversing-magnet shown in front View in Fig. 11, and Figs. 15 and 16 representmodifications.

The generalorganization of the system is the same as that described in my application, Serial No. 324,232, above referred to. As the circuits and the parts of the instruments-not immediately concerned with my present invention are the same as those shown in the said application, they are not described and shown herein, only those parts of the instrument being incorporated into this application which are requisite to show the relation of my present invention to the machine as a-whole and its mode of operation.

The t1uid-pressure-transmitting device will rst be described. The pen-drum 1, of which there are two in the transmitting portion ot' the machine, about which is wound one of the cords connected to the transmitting-pen, is mounted, as in the vmachine of the application referred to, upon a vertical shaft 2, and

Fig. 14 is a side view- 'Ico is provided with the reversely-acting spring 3. Instead, however, of a trailer, this shaft has iixed to it a thin disk 4, preferably of sheet -steel, provided at its circumference with two concentric rows 6 7 of slots, so placed with reference to each other that each slot of each row is midway between two slots of the adjoining row. Each of the rows has consequently a like number of slots, the number.' being preferably eighty-five. This disk moves between two blocks 8 and 9, screwed together and termed, for convenience, valve-blocks. The lower valve-block 9 (shown in plan view in Fig) has two slots 10 11,both of which communicate with a tube 12, connecting with any suitable reservoir containing a tlnid under pressure. The preferable form of fluid is air or an aeriform gas; but I do not confine myself to these, as a liquid may be employed. These slots 10 and 11'are so placed in the block 9 that they are immediately below the outer row ofl slots 7. The upper block Sis provided with two slot-s 13and 14 of a length equal to the combined width of the two rows of slots 6 and 7, and so placed in the block 8 as to be immediately above these two rows of slots, and also respectively immediately over the two slots 10 and 11. The slots 13 and 14 are placed far enough apart, so that when the outer end of one of them, as 14, is immediately above one of the slots of the row 7 its inner end will be midway between two of the slots of the row 6, and at the same time the inner end of the other slot 13 will be immediately above one of the slots of the row 6, while the outer end of the same slot 13 will be midway between two of the slots of the row 7. The slots 13 and 14 do not pass entirely through the block 8. One of them 14 connects with a tube 15, which leads to a chamber 16, formed between a movable plate 17 and a block 18. The plate 17 is preferably mounted upon a iiexible disk 19, which may be made of softrubber, and is held against the block 18 by a ring 20. The tube 15 connects through a passage -way formed in the block 18 with thechamber 16. The other slot 13 connects by a tube 21 with a second chamber22,formed between a similar block 23 and movable plate 24, carried upon a diaphragm 25,held in place by a ring 26. The plates 24 and 17 are connected bya cross-piece 27 with a lever 28, pivoted at one end and carrying at the other contact-points which play between stops 29 and 30.

The base-piece upon which the lever 28 is pivoted consists of a permanent magnet 3l, the free end of the lever playing between two lips 32 and 33, and thus completing the magn'etic circuit when in contact with either of other battery o of equal strength, the positive pole of which is grounded to the other stop 29. The lever 28 is connected with the main-line wire b, which operates the escapement-magnet II of the receiving-instrument.

The valve-blocks 8 and 9 are, as has been stated, screwed together, and are therefore rigid with each other. They lie longitudinally in one of the diameters of t-he disk 4,

and are trunnioned in the plane of the disk in a block 34, attached to a frame-piece l35, which in turn is trunnioned in the plane of the disk 4 and in the diameter of the disk perpendicular to the diameter in which the blocks 8 9 lie. This is for the purpose of preventing friction between the disk 4 and the valve-blocks, due to any irregularity in the rotary movement of the disk 4. Further, to reduce the friction between the valveblocks and the disk 4 a supporting-spring 36 is placed between the block 34 and the table.

The operation of the apparatus is as follows: The transmitting-pen being moved in one direction or the other, the drum 1 is rotated by the pull of the string connected to the pen or by the reverse pull of the spring 3 and rotates the disk 4 with it. When the disk 4 is in such a position that one of the slots of the row 7 registers with one of the slots 10 11 in the block 9, as 11,and also with one of the slots, as 14,in the block 8, the uid under pressure passes from the tube 12, through the disk and tube 15 to the chamber 16, forcing out the movable plate 17 and carrying with it the lever 28 against the stop 29. In this position of the instrument there is a passage way open from the chamber .22 through the tube 21, slot 13, and one of the slots of the row 6 in the disk 4 to the outer atmosphere, whereby the chamber 22 is permitted to exhaust and the plate 24 to move inward. As the disk continues to rotate a solid portion of the disk comes between the slots 10 11 and 13 14, cutting off both the inlet and outlet passages to the chambers 16 and 22. Presently, however, the slot 10 registers with one of the slots of the row 7, opening a communication from the pipe 12 through the disk and the outer end ot' slot 13 and the pipe 21 to the chamber 22, while at the same time the inner end of the slot 14 registers with one'of the slots in the row 6 and opens a passage-way through the disk 4, the slot 14, and the pipe 15, between the chamber 16 and the outer atmosphere, through which the said chamber may exhaust. The movable plate 24 is now forced outward, while the movable plate 17 is at the same time free to move inward, because of the opening of the exhaustpassage, and the lever 28 is carried to the right. This operation will be repeated as often as the disk 4 is revolved through the arc represented by the space between two of the slots in the row 6 or the row 7, and results in sending a series of electric pulsations pf sugcessively opposite polarityover the main ine IOO

IIO

The magnet 3l causes the lever 28 to always assume a position against one or the other of the stops 29 30, preventing it from standing at any time between these two stops. There is thus insured at all times a full current upon line, except at the moments when the lever 28 is passingr from one stop to the other.

It is evident that the circuit connections made and broken by the lever 28 might be varied. Thus they might be such as to send pulsations of successively the same polarity instead of pulsations of successively opposite polarity, or the changes effected in the current might be of a different character. v

Instead of having a movable portion in the form of a plate, the chambers 16 22 might be provided with movable pistons. Such a construction is shown in Fig. 8, in which the pressure is caused to move the pistons 37, fitting closely in the piston-chambers 38. It is obvious that an equivalent construction would be a single movable portion or a single piston moved in opposite directions by press- -ure alternately on each side, as illustratedin Fig. 9, where the lever 28 is placed between the two liexible chambers 16 and 22', and `is operated by pressure acting in them alternately, or the lever 28 niaybe moved in one direction by a movableportion of a chamber and in the other direction by a spring, as illustrated in Fig. l0, where the spring 87, held between plate 24 and fixed abutment 88, is substituted for one of the chambers.

t is also obvious that equivalent results may be obtained by using a vacuum-reservoir in communication with the pipe l2, instead of a reservoir containing fluid under pressure, thereby utilizing as a supply of' Iiuid under pressure the atmosphere at its normal pressure, the movable portions of the chambers then being alternately drawn inward by connecting the chambers with the vacuum-space and permitted to return to their normal positions byre-establishing the connection of the chambers with the air under normal pressure and the interrupter being thus operated.

pen.

The shaft 2 is provided with the usual circuit-changing arm 40, which serves to operate the reversing-circuit (l upon reversal of tho direction of movement of the transmittingpen. Those circuit connections are shown in Fig. 7. The arm 40, being frictionally mounted upon the shaft 2, rests againstV sleeve 42, which in turn rests upon a freelymoving collar 43, supported by a spring resting upon ratchet-wheel 44, fast upon the shaft 45', trunnioned vertically and carrying at its upper end a pin 46, adapted to engage with a circle of crown-teeth 47, formed upon the top of the pen-drum, all as described in my said for'mer application. The shaft 45 is trunnioned ina movable frame-piece 94, clamped to the table by screw 96, which is capable of a slight lateral motion, when loosened, in a slot 97 in the table, and an adjusting-screw 98 is provided, bearing upon the frame-piece 94. The frame-piece 94 is placed in line with the armature 86, and may, by means of the adjusting-screws above mentioned, be moved slightly to and fro in order to delicately adjust the teeth of the wheel 44 to the pallets 45. The opposite faces of the teeth of the escape-wheel and the pallets are made of substantially like shape, so that the escapement will operate in either direction, as stated in my said former application. About the sleeve 42 are wound in opposite directions the cords 48 49, connected, respectively, to the levers 50 5l, pivoted at their lower ends to the table. Midway between these levers is placed a Huidpressure device consisting of a stationary plate 52, having on either side a movable plate 53 54, preferably mounted upon soft- I rubber diaphragms 55 56, held to the plate 52 by rings 57 58. There are thus formed two chambers 64 65 between the stationary plate 52 and the movable plates 53 54, respectively, which are connected by passage-ways through the plate 52, and a valve mechanism about to be described, with the tube 59, leading to a suitable supply of .fluid under pressure. The movable plates 53 54 are connected, respectively, with the levers 50 5l by means of the rods 60 61,' each rod being attached at one end to one of the movable plates 53 54, its free end being pointed and received in'one of the two sockets 62 63, attached to the levers 50 5l. The rods 60 6l are preferably made of hardened steel and are pressed outward by springs 66 67, each having a bearing at one end in the posts 68 69, respectively, through which the rods freely pass, and at the other end upon the collars 70 71.* The springs 66 67 serve to prevent either of the cords 48 49 from becoming slack. The screws 72 73 serve as unison-stops, the use of which in connection with the magnet 74 is described in my said former application.

The valve mechanism for controlling lthe application of the fluid-pressure may be of any suitable construction. That shown consists of a slide-valve 75, moving in a casing 76 upon a valve-seat 77, the valve being in the form of a hollow square, the interior cavity of which is always in communication above with the tube 59. In the valve-seat 77 are provided two ports 79 80, communicating the one with chamber 64 and the other with the chamber 65, and so placed in the valve-seat that one of them, as 80, is included within the cavity of IIO the slide-valve 75 when in one of its extreme positions, as shown in Fig. 13, the other port 79 being in such position of the valve in communication with the external air. When the valve is shifted to its other extreme position, the port 79 is in communication with the iuterior cavity of the valve and the port 8O is in communication with the external air. The valve 75 is attached to a valve-rod 7 8, which moves in a rest-piece 81, and is reciprocated to and fro by the armature 82 of the reversing-magnet J, playing upon stops 83, attached to the valve-rod. The play of the valve-rod is limited by other stops 84, which are adapted to come into contact with the rest-piece 81 in either direction of movement ofthe valve-rod.

The magnet J is of any suitable construction, that shown in this case being the same as that of the reversing-magnet in my said former application-to wit, an ordinary Siemens polarized magnet. It is in circuit with suitable electrical connections (as shown herein, the reversing line wire d) with the circuit-reversing device at the transmitting-station. (Shown in Figs. 1 and 7.) The magnet H is also an ordinary Siemens polarized magnet, and to its armature are attached the pallets 45, which engage with the toothed wheel 44, forming with it the escapement which holds the receiving-pen in restraint as against the tension produced by the Huid-pressure tending to move it, as described in the said former application. This magnet H is in circuit with the main-line wire b, proceeding from the transmitter. (Shown in Fig. 3.)

The operation of this part of my improved apparatus is as follows: Fluid under pressure is always provided during the operation of the instrument in a suitable reservoir vcommunithis tension by the escapement-pallets engaging with the escape-wheel 44, the pallets being controlled by the armature 86, to which they are attached, this armature being normally held in one or theother of its extreme positions by the attraction of one or the other of the poles of the magnet H. As pulsations of successively opposite polarity are received over line b through the coils of the magnet H, the armature 86 is successively attracted from one of the poles of the magnet H to the other, and the pen-drum is therefore permitted to move step by step under the tension ot' the Huid-pressure as long as the transmitting-pen continues to move in one direction. Assuming now that the instrument is in the position shown in the drawings, and that there is a reversal in movement of the transmitting-pen, the circuit-changing arm 40, Fig. l, has its position reversed, so as to change the polarity ofthe current upon the reversing-circuit d, causing the magnet J to shift its armature, and thereby throw the valve 75, opening the inlet-port from the tube 59, through the valve and inlet 8O to the chamber 65, and at the same time opening the passage-way from the chamber 64, through the inlet-port 79, to the outer air, permitting the chamber to exhaust. The fluid under pressureis now thrown into the chamber 65, the chamber 64 simultane- .ously collapsing, and the plate 54 is forced outward, reversing the direction of the tension upon the pen-drum. The pen-drum, and with it the receiving-pen, now moves in the reverse direction step by step, as permitted by the escapement and its governing-magnet H until the transmitting-pen again reverses its direction of motion.

It will be obvious that the various modifications in the construction of the fluid-pressure devices suggested with reference to the transmitting-instrument are equally applicable with reference to the receiving-instrument. Thus, instead of having a movable portion in the form of a plate or diaphragm the chambers may be provided with movable pistons, as shown in Fig. 15, where the Huidpressure is caused to move the pistons 91 92,

iitting in the piston chambers 93 99. An equivalent construction to those shown-would be a single movable portion or piston moved in opposite directions by pressure acting alternately on the two sides, as illustrated in Fig. 9 and described above with reference to thetransmitter, the arm 28 serving, through proper connections, to give the two reverselyacting tensions to the pen-drum. So, too, the tension may be effected in one direction. by Huid-pressure and in the other by a spring ora weight, as shown in Fig. 10 with reference to the transmitter, and numerous other modifications of construction will readily occur to a skilled person. In this case,as in the case ofthe transmitting-instrument, the supply of fluid under pressure may be obtained by providing a vacuum instead of a body of fluid under greater than norm al pressure, the atmosphereunder normal pressure then serving` as the supply of fluid under pressure. The'only change requisite for adopting this mode of operation IOO IIO

IIR

is in the connection between the chamber and the pen-drum. Proper connections for this adaptation are shown in Fig. 16, the rods 60 61 at their outer ends being pivotally att-ached to their levers 50 51, so that they may operate upon those levers by a pulling instead of a pushing action, as before, and additional pivoted levers 87 being supplied intermediate between the levers 50 5l and the cords 48 49, respectively. N Vhen operated in this manner, the chambers will be alternately connected with the vacuum-space and the movable portions thus forced inward by the pressure of the outer air and caused to return to their normal positions by re-establishing the connection of the chambers with the air under normal pressure. As each movable portion Vinstrument is controlled might be pulsations Ass of the chamber is drawn in by the suction produced by the vacuum, its rod, as 6l, is carried inward, moving with it its lever, as 5l, which in turn acts upon the lever 87 and produces the required tension upon the cord 49.

other parts of the apparatus herein described and shown. Thus it will be understood that the pulsations through which' the receivingsuccessively of' the same polarity, instead of successively opposite polarity. The restraining mechanism shown in this application as. an escapement might Vbe any other suitable form of mechanism for the purpose without departing from my invention, as the same is concernedY with the fluid-pressure devices. So, too, the pulsations may be sent over line by an ordinary sunflower arrangementinstead of by a fluid-pressure transmitter without affecting the operation of theimprovements relating to the receiving-instrument. So, too, the part of the invention relatin g to the transmitter may be used with a receiving-instrument of any other suitable con` struction as well as with that herein described and shown. Reversal of the tension ofthe uid under pressure upon the receiving-pen may be effected by-anyother suitable means as well as by the use of the separate line-wire with reverse currents, as shown.

It will of course be understood that I have shown and described herein the devices constituting one-half of the instrument onlyviz., that relating to the movement of the pens in one of their two crosswise directions. Another transmitting and receiving apparatus, a second main-line wire corresponding to the wire b, and a second reversing-wire corresponding to the wire d are required to complete the organization hereof'and provide for the movement of the transmitting and receivingpens in the other of their two crosswise directions of movement, as described in my said former application.

Under the term interrupter 7 as used in this application I intend to include every device by means of which electrical pulsations, whether successivelyof the same or opposite polarity, may be produced in a circuit.

By the termv transmitting-pen as used in vthis specification I mean to indicate, as in my said former application, any device which may be used by the transmitting-operator to form the characters or other matter to be' transmitted. This pen may be either a writing-instrument of any sort or a simple handle of convenient form to be grasped by the operator and moved to describe the outline of the characters, and the term transmittingpen is thereforeto be understood as including any writ-i11g-instrument or a simple handle capable ot being moved by the operator to follow the outline of the characters, figures, hieroglyphics, maps, ttc., to be transmitted. So,too,under 'the term receiving-pen I intend to include not onlya pen actingto make a record by the use ot' a writing-fluithbut a pencil or any other instrument capable of recording a character or other matter received.

As stated in my patents, Nos. 386,814 and 386,815, the movements necessary to reproduce the message, instead otlbeing imparted tothe receiving-pen, may be Wholly or in part imparted to the paper, and it is therefore to be understood that a recording-surface movable for the purpose of `forming characters is for the purposes of this'application the equivalent of4 a movable pen.

What I claim is-' 1 Y l. The combination of a vibrating circuitcloser, a supply of Huid under pressure for giving movement to the circuit-closer, and a magnet, as 3l, operating upon `the circuitcloser to prevent it from stopping except at one or the other of ils contact positions, substantially as set forth.

2. The combination of a transmitting-pen, circuit connections with a receiving-station, a

circuit-interrupter,and a supply of fluid under pressure controlled through the movement-s ofthe transmittingpen and caused thereby to operate the interrupter, substantially as described.

3. The combination of a transmitting-pen, circuit connections with a receiving-station,

a circuit-interrupter, a supply of fluid under pressure, and a valve mechanism operated through the movements of the transmittingpen and controlling the force ot` the fluid under pressure, so as to cause it to move the interrupter in accordance with the movements of the transmitting-pen, substantially asset forth. f

4:. The combination of a transmitting-peu, circuit connections with a receiving-station, a circuit-interrupter, a chamber having a movable portion connected withthe interrupter, and a supply of iiuid under pressure controlled through the movements of the transmitting-pen, and caused thereby to give movement to said movable portion of the chamber in accordance with the movements of the transmitting-pen, substantially as set forth.

5. The combination of a transmitting-pen,

Ycircuit connections with a receiving-station,`

a circuit-interrupter, a supply of iiuid under pressure, two chambers, each having a movable portion, said movable portion being connected with the circuit-interrupter, and valve mechanism operated through the movements of the transmitting-pen, whereby the force of the fluid under pressure is caused to givemovement to the movable portion of said chambers, and consequently' to the circuitinterrupter,alternately in opposite directions, substantially as set forth.

IOO

ISO

6. The combination of a transmitting-pen, circuit connections with a receiving-station', a circuit-interrupter, a supply of fluid under pressure, a chamber having a movable portion connected with the interrupter, a perforated plate caused to move through the movement of the transmitting-pen, and valve-passages between the supplyof luidunderpressure and'said chamber operated by the perforated plate in its movement, whereby the force of the uid underpressure is caused to give movement to the movable portion of said circuitconnections, a receiving-pen, a chamber having a movable portion connected with the receiving-pen, and a supply of fluid under pressure controlled through said pulsations, whereby the force of the uid under pressure is caused to give movement to the movable portion of the chamber and thus to the receiving-pen in accordance with the movements of the transmitting-pen, substantially l as set forth.

9. The combination of a transmitting-pen, circuit connections with a receiving-station, an interrupter operated through said pen and producing electric pulsations traversing said circuit connections, a receiving-pen, two chambers each having a movable port-ion, the movable portion of each chamber being connected tothe receiving-pen, and a supply of fluid under pressure controlled through said pulsations, whereby the force of the iluidunder pressure is caused to give movement to the movable portion of each chamber and thus to the receiving-pen alternately in opposite directions in accordance with the movements of the transmitting-pen, substantially as set forth.

10. The combination, with a transmittingpen, of circuit connections with a receivingstation, two interrupt-ers operated through the movement of said pen in two directions crosswise of each other and producing two series of electric pulsations traversing said circuit connections,a receiving-pen, and a supply of fluid under pressure for giving Inovement to the receiving-pen in two directions crosswise of each other and caused to operate thereon through said pulsations, substantially as set forth.

11. The combination of a transmitting-pen, circuit connections with a receiving-station, two interrupters operated through the movement ot said pen in two directions crosswise of each other and producing two series of electric pulsations traversing said circuit connections, a receiving-pen, chambers having each a movable portion connected with 'the receiving-pema supply of iluid under pressure controlled through said pulsations, whereby the force of the fluid under pressure is caused to give movement to the movable portions of the chambers and thus to the receiving-pen in two directions crosswise of each other and in accordance with the movements of the transmitting-pen, substantially as set forth.

12. The combination-of atransinitting-pen, circuit connections with thc receiving-station, an interrupter for producing electric pulsations operated through said transmitting-pen, a receiving-pen, a supply of lluid under pressure for giving movement to the receiving-pen, and mechanism caused to operate by said pulsations, whereby the application of the force of the fluid under-pressure to the receiving-pen is held in restraint and released at successive intervals, so that the movement of the receiving-pen is caused to correspond to that of the'transmitting-pen, substantially as set forth.

13. The combination of a transmitting-pen, circuit connections with a receiving-station, two interrupters operated in two directions crosswise of eac-h other through the movements of said transmitting-pen and producing a series of electric pulsations in each ot' IOO said circuits, areceiving-pen, a supply of fluid IlO connections, a receiving-pen, asupply ot' fluid under pressure for giving movement to the receiving-pen and caused to operate thereon through said pulsations, and means for vreversing the direction of the application of the force of the fluid under pressure to the receiving-pen controlled from the transmittingstation, whereby the direction oli-movement of the receiving-pen is reversed upon reversal of direction of movement of the transmittingpen, substantially as set forth.

15. The combination of a transmitting-pen, circuit connections with a receiving-station, twov interrupters operated through the movements of said pen in two directions crosswise 4of each other and producing two series of electric pulsations traversing said circuit connections, a receiving-pen, a supply of fluid under pressure for giving movement to the receiving-pen'and caused to operate thereon through said pulsations in two directions crosswise of each other, and means for reversing the direction of the application of the force of the fluid under pressure to the receiving-pen in each of said two directions controlled fromthe transmitting-station,whereby the direction of movement of the receivingpen is reversed upon reversal of direction of movement of the transmitting-pen in either of the said two directions, substantially as set forth.

16. The combination of a transmitting-pen, circuit connections with a receiving-station. an interrupter operated through said pen and producing electric pulsations traversing said circuit connections, a receivingpen,a supply -of iiuid under pressure for giving movement to the receiving-pen, and an electrically-controlled valve mechanism and means for operating the same from the transmitting-station for reversing the direction of' the application of the force of the iiuid under pressure to the receiving-pen controlled from the transmitting-station, whereby the direction of movement of the receiving-pen is reversed upon reversal of direction ot` movement ofthe transmitting-pen, substantially as described.

17. The combination, with a transmitting- I pen, circuit connections with the receiving- 1 8. The combination of a transmitting-pcm' circuit connections with a receiving-station, an interrupter operated through said transmitting-pen and producing electric pulsations traversing said circuit connections,1a receiving-pen, a supply of iiuid under pressure for giving movement to the receiving-pen, a valve mechanism for reversing the direction of the application of the force of the fluid-pressure to the receiving-pen, a polarized magnet for controlling the valve mechanism, an electric circuit connecting said magnet with the transmitting-station, and connections whereby the currentupon said circuit is revers-ed upon each change of direction of movement of the transmitting-pen, whereby the valve mechanism is shifted and the direction of movement of the receiving-pen is reversed, substantially as set forth.

19. The combination of a transmitting-pen,

circuit connections with a receiving-station, an interrupter operated through said pen and producing electric pulsations traversing said circuit connections, a receiving-pen, a supply of fluid under pressure for giving movement to the receiving-pen, and an. escapement governing the application of the force of the fluid under pressure to the receiving pen and caused to operate by said pulsations, substantially as set forth.

20. The combination of atransmitting-pen, circuit connections with a receiving-station, an interrupter operated through said pen and producing electric pulsations traversing said circuit connections, a receiving-pen, a supply of fluid under pressurefor giving movement to the receiving-pen, an escapement governing the application ot` the force of the fluid 4under pressure to the receiving-pen and operated by said pulsations, and mechanism for reversing the direction of the application of the force of the fluid under pressure to the receiving-pen electrically controlled from the transmitting station, substantially as set forth.

21. The combination of'a'transmitting-pen, two electric circuits, two interrupters operated through the movement of said pen in two directions crosswise of each other and producing a series of pulsations in each of said circuits, a receiving-pen, a supply of fluid under pressure' for giving movement to the receiving-pen in two directions crosswise of each other, andy two escapements governing the application of the force of the fluid. Ico under pressure to the receiving-pen, one for each of thetwo crosswise directions of motion of the transmitting-pen and caused to operate by the pulsations, substantially as set forth.

22. The combination of a transmitting-pen, electric connections with a receiving-station, an interrupter operated through said pen and producing electrical pulsations traversing said connections, a receiving-pen, a supply 11o of fluidunder pressure for placing the receiving-pen under tension, means for reversing the direction of said tension to correspond in direction of motion with .the transmitting-pen, and a reversible escapeinent 115 holding said receiving-pen in restraint as against said tension and operated through said pulsations to permit the receiving-pen to move in either direction step by step, substantially as set forth. 23. The frame-piece 94, carrying a part of the escapement adjustable to and from magnet H, substantially as set forth. In testimony whereof I have hereunto set IZO my hand in the presence of two subscribing 1'25 witnesses.

ELISI-IA GRAY. Witnesses:

- AJ. J. KENNEDY,

G. M. BoRsT. 

